I just wanted to add that I am having a similar problem. Firefox, Edge, Internet Explorer all fail to function with SSL filtering enabled. Nothing seems to fix it. I've turned off my filter, turned it back on; I've verified that it was in the certificate store. NOTHING fixes the issue, only disabling SSL filtering itself is when it starts to work.
And I'm very familiar with SSL filtering as my job uses it for Websense and Mcafee DLP. Usually you add the root cert, everything is golden. But this, I just can't get it to work at all....
And it does this on multiple machines in my house, so I am at a loss of what is causing it. Granted, the error messages I am getting is not the same as him, mine is just failing to connect or giving me unknown security authority.