Same problem here since yesterday :-/
All my Windows Server 2012R2 machines after last restart stopped communicating with ERA. Not only virtual ones (Hyper-V) but also physical hosts.
Exactly the same situation as you described. Tried to uninstall last 2 waves of Windows updates on one machine, but it didn't help.
Nothing changed in our network before/after the EFS stopped communicating.
Tried with EFS 4.5.12011, 12015 and 12017. All stop communicating and throw "Error opening socket." after reboot.